Global School-based Student Health Survey 2010
Tonga, 2010
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Women Affairs and Culture (MEWAC), World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Created on
April 01, 2019
Last modified
April 01, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
TON_2010_GSHS_v01_M
Title
Global School-based Student Health Survey 2010
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tonga | TON |
Study type
World Health Survey [hh/whs]
Series Information
The Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) is a collaborative surveillance project designed to help countries measure and assess the behavioural risk factors and protective factors in 10 key areas among young people aged 13 to 17 years. The GSHS is a relatively low-cost school-based survey which uses a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on young people's health behaviour and protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide. The GSHS was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with United Nations' UNICEF, UNESCO, and UNAIDS; and with technical assistance from CDC.
As of December 2011, representatives from more than 107 countries have been trained and 73 countries have completed a GSHS. Twenty-nine countries have been trained but have not conducted their surveys because of insufficient funds, staff turnover, or other in-country barriers. More than 420,000 students have participated in a GSHS survey.
As of December 2011, representatives from more than 107 countries have been trained and 73 countries have completed a GSHS. Twenty-nine countries have been trained but have not conducted their surveys because of insufficient funds, staff turnover, or other in-country barriers. More than 420,000 students have participated in a GSHS survey.
Abstract
The 2010 Tonga Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was a school-based survey of students in Forms 2, 3, and 4.
The purpose of the GSHS is to provide data on health behaviors and protective factors among students to:
- Help countries develop priorities, establish programs, and advocate for resources for school health and youth health programs and policies;
- Allow international agencies, countries, and others to make comparisons across countries regarding the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors; and
- Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country for use in evaluation of school health and youth health promotion.
The purpose of the GSHS is to provide data on health behaviors and protective factors among students to:
- Help countries develop priorities, establish programs, and advocate for resources for school health and youth health programs and policies;
- Allow international agencies, countries, and others to make comparisons across countries regarding the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors; and
- Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country for use in evaluation of school health and youth health promotion.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Students aged 13-15 years
Version
Version Description
- v01: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Scope
Notes
The 2010 Tonga GSHS measured alcohol use; dietary behaviors; drug use; hygiene; mental health; physical activity; protective factors; tobacco use; and violence and unintentional injury.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Health |
| Ministry of Education |
| Women Affairs and Culture (MEWAC) |
| World Health Organization |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
Producers
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization | WHO | Financial and Technical Assistance |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name |
|---|
| Mission Schools in Tonga |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The 2010 TONGA GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in forms. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of forms. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrolment size. 24 schools were selected to participate in the TONGA GSHS.
The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled classrooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
The Tonga GSHS was a school-based survey of students in Forms 2, 3, and 4. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce data representative of all students in Forms 2, 3, and 4 in Tonga.
The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled classrooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
The Tonga GSHS was a school-based survey of students in Forms 2, 3, and 4. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce data representative of all students in Forms 2, 3, and 4 in Tonga.
Response Rate
For the 2010 TONGA GSHS, 2,211 questionnaires were completed in 24 schools. The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 80%, and the overall response rate was 80%.
Weighting
A weighting factor was applied to each student record to adjust for non-response and for the varying probabilities of selection. W = W1 * W2 * f1 * f2 * f3
W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school;
W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school;
f1 = a school-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large). The factor was calculated in terms of school enrollment instead of number of schools.
f2 = a student-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by class.
f3 = a poststratification adjustment factor calculated by grade.
W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school;
W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school;
f1 = a school-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large). The factor was calculated in terms of school enrollment instead of number of schools.
f2 = a student-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by class.
f3 = a poststratification adjustment factor calculated by grade.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2010-09-06 | 2010-10-06 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Survey administration occurred from 6 September to 6 October. Survey procedures were designed to protect student privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire during one classroom period and recorded their responses directly on a computer-scannable answer sheet. Approximately, 10 Survey Administrators were specially trained to conduct the GSHS. The questionnaire was in English and Tongan version.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Health | MOH |
| Ministry of Education | MOE |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The GSHS uses a standardized scientific sample selection process; common school-based methodology; and core questionnaire modules, core-expanded questions, and country-specific questions that are combined to form a self-administered questionnaire that can be administered during one regular class period.
The TONGA GSHS questionnaire contained 89 questions addressing the following topics:
- Alcohol use
- Dietary behaviours
- Drug use
- Hygiene
- Mental health
- Physical activity
- Protective factors
- HIV infection
- Tobacco use
- Violence and unintentional injury
The questionnaire was developed by WHO and CDC once Tonga given their desirable and final questions as attached.
The TONGA GSHS questionnaire contained 89 questions addressing the following topics:
- Alcohol use
- Dietary behaviours
- Drug use
- Hygiene
- Mental health
- Physical activity
- Protective factors
- HIV infection
- Tobacco use
- Violence and unintentional injury
The questionnaire was developed by WHO and CDC once Tonga given their desirable and final questions as attached.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The data set was cleaned and edited for inconsistencies. Missing data were not statistically imputed. Software that takes into consideration the complex sample design was used to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals. GSHS data are representative of all students attending FORMS in TONGA.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | [email protected] | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | [email protected] | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ |
| The World Bank Microdata Library | The World Bank | [email protected] | http://microdata.worldbank.org |
Access conditions
GSHS data release and publication policies and procedures are based on the following guiding principles:
- GSHS data are owned by the official country-level agency (ex. Ministry of Health) conducting or sponsoring the survey.
- Public health and scientific advancement are best served by an open and timely exchange of data and data analyses.
- The privacy of participating schools and students must be protected.
- Data quality must be maintained.
- GSHS data are owned by the official country-level agency (ex. Ministry of Health) conducting or sponsoring the survey.
- Public health and scientific advancement are best served by an open and timely exchange of data and data analyses.
- The privacy of participating schools and students must be protected.
- Data quality must be maintained.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Women Affairs and Culture (MEWAC), World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tonga Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2010, Ref. TON_2010_GSHS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Women Affairs and Culture (MEWAC), World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tonga Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2010, Ref. TON_2010_GSHS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_TON_2010_GSHS_v01_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2014-01-07
DDI Document version
Version 01 (January 2014)