Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2008
Fiji, 2008 - 2009
Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics
Identification
IDNO
SPC_FJI_2008_HIES_v01_M
Title
Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2008
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Fiji | FJI |
Abstract
Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) collects a wealth of information on household income and expenditure, such as source of income by industry, household (HH) expenditure on goods and services, and income and expenditure associated with subsistence production and consumption. In addition to this, HIES collects information on sectoral and thematic areas, such as education, health, labour force, primary activities, transport, information and communication, transfers and remittances, food expenditure (as a proxy for HH food consumption and nutrition analysis), and gender.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Version
Version number
v01: Clean, labelled and de-identified version of the Master file.
Version Date
2009
Scope
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| HIES |
| Household income |
| Household expenditure |
| CPI |
| COICOP |
| Fiji |
| Consumption |
| Non-consumption |
| Home-produced |
| Poverty |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage which allows for urban and rural estimates.
Unit of Analysis
Households and Individuals.
Universe
The universe of the 2008-09 Fiji HIES is all occupied households in Fiji - private, non-private or institutions.
Households are the sampling unit, defined as a group of people (related or not) who pool their money, cook and eat together.
Note that this is not the physical structure (dwelling) in which people live.
The eligibility conditions are:
Must have formed the household at least six weeks prior to interviewer contact
Must either have been in Fiji 12 months or intending to stay 12 months
Must have an eligible adult member who is conversant with the household's income and expenditure and who can be interviewed within the survey period.
Households are the sampling unit, defined as a group of people (related or not) who pool their money, cook and eat together.
Note that this is not the physical structure (dwelling) in which people live.
The eligibility conditions are:
Must have formed the household at least six weeks prior to interviewer contact
Must either have been in Fiji 12 months or intending to stay 12 months
Must have an eligible adult member who is conversant with the household's income and expenditure and who can be interviewed within the survey period.
Producers and sponsors
Authoring entity/Primary investigators
| Agency Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics | Government of Fiji |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics for Development Division | Pacific Community | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of Fiji | Survey donor |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sampling frame for the 2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was the updated urban and rural Enumeration Areas (EAs) of the 1996 Population and Housing Census. At the Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics (FIBOS), EAs are used as census collection units and are defined as small geographic units within Administrative Boundaries. There are 100 households in each EA. A frame update exercise was carried out in areas where it was thought that significant changes has taken place: the Suva-Nausori corridor, Nadi, Lautoka, Ba and Labasa.
For urban areas, it was decided to statify the sample into 14 economic "classes" defined as high class, middle class, housing authority, settlement, squatter, and village (see survey report for more details). In urban areas, the divisions were stratified useing a "remoteness index" ranging from 1 (closest to urban areas) to 4 (furthest from urban areas) - resulting in 13 strata.
A two-stage sampling strategy was used. In the first stage, representative samples of urban and rural EAs were selected. The listing stage then collected demographic, economic activity and housing information from all households in the selected EAs. Within each stratum, several EAs or Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) from the frame were selected with probability proportional to size, measured in terms of the total households in the frame. Within each EA, a fixed number of households were selected by systematic random sampling. The last HIES was conducted by FIBoS in 2002-03 with similar sampling methodology to that used for the 2008 survey.
For urban areas, it was decided to statify the sample into 14 economic "classes" defined as high class, middle class, housing authority, settlement, squatter, and village (see survey report for more details). In urban areas, the divisions were stratified useing a "remoteness index" ranging from 1 (closest to urban areas) to 4 (furthest from urban areas) - resulting in 13 strata.
A two-stage sampling strategy was used. In the first stage, representative samples of urban and rural EAs were selected. The listing stage then collected demographic, economic activity and housing information from all households in the selected EAs. Within each stratum, several EAs or Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) from the frame were selected with probability proportional to size, measured in terms of the total households in the frame. Within each EA, a fixed number of households were selected by systematic random sampling. The last HIES was conducted by FIBoS in 2002-03 with similar sampling methodology to that used for the 2008 survey.
Weighting
A household weight was calculated for each EA using a simple formula with inputs including the population of the stratum, number of households in the EA and the number of households in the sample.
The household weight for all the households in each selected EA was calculated as:
(Population of Stratum i) * (Listing number of households in EA) .
(Frame population of EA) * (No of hh in sample) * (Number of EAs selected in stratum)
The household weight for all the households in each selected EA was calculated as:
(Population of Stratum i) * (Listing number of households in EA) .
(Frame population of EA) * (No of hh in sample) * (Number of EAs selected in stratum)
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2008-05 | 2009-04 |
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The interviewer fills in the schedules with neat, clearly legible writing and makes sure the households fill in the diary with neat, clearly legible writing. The supervisor then checks the quality of the writing before entering the data.
Supervisors were required to check on enumerators on a daily basis, selecting households at random to confirm that the data recorded was actually reported by the household. These checks improved the data collection practice of the Enumerators; there were a few cases of termination of employment.
Supervisors were required to check on enumerators on a daily basis, selecting households at random to confirm that the data recorded was actually reported by the household. These checks improved the data collection practice of the Enumerators; there were a few cases of termination of employment.
Type of Research Instrument
The questionnaires for this Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) are composed of 4 schedules - each divided into several blocks.
The questionnaire consists of 4 sections:
Schedule 1:
- household listing
- demographic particulars
- economic activity
- education
- housing particulars
Schedule 2 (recurrent expenditure)
- household and other bills
- expenditure on education, health, religion, culture and holidays, etc.
- housing tenure rents and other maintenance costs
- land purchases for residential or farming purposes
- outright purchases of durables
- installment agreement or hire purchase, lay-by, etc. on consumer durables
- outright purchases of consumer semi-durables
- installment agreement or hire purchase, lay-by, etc. on consumer semi-durables
- interest on other borrowings
Schedule 3 (2 week expenditure diary)
- household cash expenditure
- consumption of home-produced commodities
- goods and services taken from household's business
- goods and services obtained from employer
- gifts of cash or goods and services received
- gifts of cash or goods and services given
Schedule 4 (income)
- primary income
- non-primary income
The publication of these questionnaires were in English.
All English questionnaires and schedules are provided as external resources.
The questionnaire consists of 4 sections:
Schedule 1:
- household listing
- demographic particulars
- economic activity
- education
- housing particulars
Schedule 2 (recurrent expenditure)
- household and other bills
- expenditure on education, health, religion, culture and holidays, etc.
- housing tenure rents and other maintenance costs
- land purchases for residential or farming purposes
- outright purchases of durables
- installment agreement or hire purchase, lay-by, etc. on consumer durables
- outright purchases of consumer semi-durables
- installment agreement or hire purchase, lay-by, etc. on consumer semi-durables
- interest on other borrowings
Schedule 3 (2 week expenditure diary)
- household cash expenditure
- consumption of home-produced commodities
- goods and services taken from household's business
- goods and services obtained from employer
- gifts of cash or goods and services received
- gifts of cash or goods and services given
Schedule 4 (income)
- primary income
- non-primary income
The publication of these questionnaires were in English.
All English questionnaires and schedules are provided as external resources.
Data Collectors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Household Survey Unit | Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics |
Data Processing
Cleaning Operations
Keeping with internationally accepted Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) methodology, the 2008 2009 HIES estimated "imputed rents" - the estimated net value of owner-occupied dwellings which need to be added to the incomes (and expenditures) of all households which do not pay rents on the dwellings occupied.
The regressions were conducted separately for Central and Western divisions of the Fiji Islands, while the Northern and Eastern Divisions were combined, to improve the statistical reliability of the results. In urban areas, distinctions were made between the types of houses in Central and Western Divisions (major categories used were: concrete with 3-4 bedrooms, concrete with 1-2 bedrooms, wooden, iron, and squatter houses), while in rural areas, the only distinctions were between concrete/wood houses and those made of iron.
The Net Imputed Values were calculated as the Gross Imputed Values (estimated from the regressions using actual rent data) less the Imputed Cost of Owned Houses, which is estimated as an aggregate percentage of actual repairs and maintenance plus interest component of instalment payments plus property rates.
Data processing was supervised by Toga Raikoti, Acting Principal Statistician, FIBOS, using the CSPro software.
The regressions were conducted separately for Central and Western divisions of the Fiji Islands, while the Northern and Eastern Divisions were combined, to improve the statistical reliability of the results. In urban areas, distinctions were made between the types of houses in Central and Western Divisions (major categories used were: concrete with 3-4 bedrooms, concrete with 1-2 bedrooms, wooden, iron, and squatter houses), while in rural areas, the only distinctions were between concrete/wood houses and those made of iron.
The Net Imputed Values were calculated as the Gross Imputed Values (estimated from the regressions using actual rent data) less the Imputed Cost of Owned Houses, which is estimated as an aggregate percentage of actual repairs and maintenance plus interest component of instalment payments plus property rates.
Data processing was supervised by Toga Raikoti, Acting Principal Statistician, FIBOS, using the CSPro software.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
Expenditure is usually better reported than incomes. Where the former exceeded the latter, Enumerators were required to re-question the relevant households for possible ommissions of incomes. Enumerators were also trained to probe further where they observed that households had income-earnings assets but were not reporting any related incomes. Enumerators and Supervisors were also required to check the validity of any large incomes and expenditures reported.
Data access
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI |
|---|---|---|
| Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics | Government of Fiji | https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/index.php/contact |
Confidentiality Declaration
De-identified datasets.
Conditions
Licensed datasets.
Citation requirement
"Bureau of Statistics of Fiji Islands, Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2008-2009 (HIES 2008-2009), version 01 of the licensed datasets, provided by the Microdata Library. http://pdl.spc.int/index.php/home"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI |
|---|---|---|
| Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics | Government of Fiji | https://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/index.php/contact |
Metadata production
Document ID
DDI_SPC_FJI_2008_HIES_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statistics for Development Division | SDD | Pacific Community | Documentation of the study |
Date of Production
2018-11-13
Document version
Version 01 (November 2018): This is the first attempt at documenting this census.