Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010
Tuvalu, 2010
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Reference ID
SPC_TUV_2010_HIES_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
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Tuvalu Central Statistics Division
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Identification
Survey ID Number
SPC_TUV_2010_HIES_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
Title
Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tuvalu | TUV |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
The 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), is the third HIES survey that was conducted in Tuvalu, the previous HIES were conducted in 1994, and 2004-2005.
Abstract
The main purpose of a Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was to present high quality and representative national household data on income and expenditure in order to update Consumer Price Index (CPI), improve statistics on National Accounts and measure poverty within the country.
The main objectives of this survey
- update the weight of each expenditure item (from COICOP) and obtain weights for the revision of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Funafuti
- provide data on the household sectors contribution to the National Accounts
- design the structure of consumption for food secutiry
- To provide information on the nature and distribution of household income, expenditure and food consumption patterns household living standard useful for planning purposes
- To provide information on economic activity of men and women to study gender issues
- To generate the income distribution for poverty analysis
The 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) is the third HIES that was conducted by the Central Statistics Division since Tuvalu gained political independence in 1978.
This survey deals mostly with expenditure and income on the cash side and non cash side (gift, home production). Moreover, a lot of information are collected:
at a household level:
- goods possession
- description of the dwelling
- water tank capacity
- fruits and vegetables in the garden
- livestock
at an individual level:
- education level
- employment
- health
The main objectives of this survey
- update the weight of each expenditure item (from COICOP) and obtain weights for the revision of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Funafuti
- provide data on the household sectors contribution to the National Accounts
- design the structure of consumption for food secutiry
- To provide information on the nature and distribution of household income, expenditure and food consumption patterns household living standard useful for planning purposes
- To provide information on economic activity of men and women to study gender issues
- To generate the income distribution for poverty analysis
The 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) is the third HIES that was conducted by the Central Statistics Division since Tuvalu gained political independence in 1978.
This survey deals mostly with expenditure and income on the cash side and non cash side (gift, home production). Moreover, a lot of information are collected:
at a household level:
- goods possession
- description of the dwelling
- water tank capacity
- fruits and vegetables in the garden
- livestock
at an individual level:
- education level
- employment
- health
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Household level
- Individual level
- Individual level
Version
Version Description
Version 01: Cleaned, labelled and anonymized version of the Master file.
Version Date
2020-03-05
Scope
Notes
HOUSEHOLD:
- composition of the household and demographic profile of each members
- dwelling information
- dwelling expenditure
- transport expenditure
- education expenditure
- health expenditure
- land and property expenditure
- household furnishing
- home appliances
- cultural and social payments
- holydays/travel costs
- Loans and saving
- clothing
- other major expenditure items
- income
INDIVIDUAL:
- health and education
- labor force (individual aged 15 and above)
- employment activity and income (individu aged 15 and above)
- income
- composition of the household and demographic profile of each members
- dwelling information
- dwelling expenditure
- transport expenditure
- education expenditure
- health expenditure
- land and property expenditure
- household furnishing
- home appliances
- cultural and social payments
- holydays/travel costs
- Loans and saving
- clothing
- other major expenditure items
- income
INDIVIDUAL:
- health and education
- labor force (individual aged 15 and above)
- employment activity and income (individu aged 15 and above)
- income
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Tuvalu |
| Income |
| Expenditure |
| CPI |
| Poverty |
| Economic activity |
| Health |
| Education |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National Coverage: Funafuti and /Outer islands.
Universe
The scope of the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was all occupied households in Tuvalu. Households are the sampling unit, defined as a group of people (related or not) who pool their money, and cook and eat together. It is not the physical structure (dwelling) in which people live. HIES covered all persons who were considered to be usual residents of private dwellings (must have been living in Tuvalu for a period of 12-months, or have intention to live in Tuvalu for a period of 12-months in order to be included in the survey). Usual residents who are temporary away are included as well (e.g., for work or a holiday).
All the private household are included in the sampling frame. In each household selected, the current resident are surveyed, and people who are usual resident but are currently away (work, health, holydays reasons, or border student for example.
If the household had been residing in Tuvalu for less than one year:
- but intend to reside more than 12 months => he is included
- do not intend to reside more than 12 months => out of scope.
All the private household are included in the sampling frame. In each household selected, the current resident are surveyed, and people who are usual resident but are currently away (work, health, holydays reasons, or border student for example.
If the household had been residing in Tuvalu for less than one year:
- but intend to reside more than 12 months => he is included
- do not intend to reside more than 12 months => out of scope.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Tuvalu Central Statistics Division | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pacific Community | Pacific Community | Technical assistance - Questionnare design, Data Proccessing and Analysis |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Develpment Program | UNDP | Funding |
| Government of Tuvalu | GOT | Funding |
| Republic Of China | ROC | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mr Chris Ryan | SPC | Technical assistance - Questionnare design, Data Proccessing and Analysis |
| Mr Bertrand Buffiere | SPC | Technical assistance - Questionnare design, Data Proccessing and Analysis |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The Tuvalu 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) outputs breakdowns at the domain level which is Funafuti and Outer Islands. To achieve this, and to match the budget constraint, a third of the households were selected in both domains. It was decided that 33% (one third) sample was sufficient to achieve suitable levels of accuracy for key estimates in the survey. So the sample selection was spread proportionally across all the islands except Niulakita as it was considered too small. The selection method used is the simple random survey, meaning that within each domain households were directly selected from the population frame (which was the updated 2009 household listing). All islands were included in the selection except Niulakita that was excluded due to its remoteness, and size.
For selection purposes, in the outer island domain, each island was treated as a separate strata and independent samples were selected from each (one third). The strategy used was to list each dwelling on the island by their geographical position and run a systematic skip through the list to achieve the 33% sample. This approach assured that the sample would be spread out across each island as much as possible and thus more representative.
Population and sample counts of dwellings by islands for 2010 HIES
Islands:
-Nanumea: Population: 123; sample: 41
-Nanumaga: Population: 117; sample: 39
-Niutao: Population: 138; sample: 46
-Nui: Population: 141; sample: 47
-Vaitupu: Population: 298; sample: 100
-Nukufetau: Population: 141; sample: 47
-Nukulaelae: Population: 78; sample: 26
-Funafuti: Population: 791; sample: 254
-TOTAL: Population: 1827; sample: 600.
For selection purposes, in the outer island domain, each island was treated as a separate strata and independent samples were selected from each (one third). The strategy used was to list each dwelling on the island by their geographical position and run a systematic skip through the list to achieve the 33% sample. This approach assured that the sample would be spread out across each island as much as possible and thus more representative.
Population and sample counts of dwellings by islands for 2010 HIES
Islands:
-Nanumea: Population: 123; sample: 41
-Nanumaga: Population: 117; sample: 39
-Niutao: Population: 138; sample: 46
-Nui: Population: 141; sample: 47
-Vaitupu: Population: 298; sample: 100
-Nukufetau: Population: 141; sample: 47
-Nukulaelae: Population: 78; sample: 26
-Funafuti: Population: 791; sample: 254
-TOTAL: Population: 1827; sample: 600.
Response Rate
The final response rates for the survey was very pleasing with an average rate of 97 per cent across all islands selected. The response rates were derived by dividing the number of fully responding households by the number of selected households in scope of the survey which weren't vacant.
Response rates for Tuvalu 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES):
- Nanumea 100%
- Nanumaga 100%
- Niutao 98%
- Nui 100%
- Vaitupu 99%
- Nukufetau 89%
- Nukulaelae 100%
- Funafuti 96%
As can be seen in the table, four of the islands managed a 100 per cent response, whereas only Nukufetau had a response rate of less than 90 per cent.
Further explanation of response rates can be located in the external resource entitled Tuvalu 2010 HIES Report Table 1.2.
Response rates for Tuvalu 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES):
- Nanumea 100%
- Nanumaga 100%
- Niutao 98%
- Nui 100%
- Vaitupu 99%
- Nukufetau 89%
- Nukulaelae 100%
- Funafuti 96%
As can be seen in the table, four of the islands managed a 100 per cent response, whereas only Nukufetau had a response rate of less than 90 per cent.
Further explanation of response rates can be located in the external resource entitled Tuvalu 2010 HIES Report Table 1.2.
Weighting
The sample weight were calculated for each island (8 different weights).
The variable used as weighting coefficient for the datasets is: "weights". The variable is present in each of the 5 datasets.
The variable used as weighting coefficient for the datasets is: "weights". The variable is present in each of the 5 datasets.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-03-03 | 2010-05-24 | Data collection |
Time periods
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-03-03 | 2010-03-23 | Funafuti |
| 2010-03-20 | 2010-04-10 | Vaitupu |
| 2010-03-29 | 2010-04-17 | Nanumaga |
| 2010-03-29 | 2010-04-23 | Niutao |
| 2010-04-26 | 2010-05-15 | Nukufetau |
| 2010-05-03 | 2010-05-22 | Nui |
| 2010-05-17 | 2010-06-05 | Nanumea |
| 2010-05-24 | 2010-06-12 | Nukulaelae |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The fieldwork was carried out by 42 specially selected interviewers and 13 supervisors, supported by 2 trainers and 4 staff of the Statistics Department who acted as supervisors. Each supervisor.
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptop), data entry occurred on the same day or the day after the interview for the modules, while the first diary was entered in week-two and the second week diary is entered in week-three of each round. In-field data entry was conducted in order to make use of the entry validation checks and to return to the HH to verify data where inconsistencies were identified.
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptop), data entry occurred on the same day or the day after the interview for the modules, while the first diary was entered in week-two and the second week diary is entered in week-three of each round. In-field data entry was conducted in order to make use of the entry validation checks and to return to the HH to verify data where inconsistencies were identified.
Data Collection Notes
The questionnaire was not tested before the collection.
A one week training period was allocated before the begining of the survey in Funafuti. Supervisor of each islands were trained (they trained their own enumerators in the outer islands) and enumerator from Funafuti.
-FIELD OPERATION:
Interviews were conducted in two languages, English or in Tuvaluan, depending on the respondents choice of language in which they were most comfortable with.
A one week training period was allocated before the begining of the survey in Funafuti. Supervisor of each islands were trained (they trained their own enumerators in the outer islands) and enumerator from Funafuti.
-FIELD OPERATION:
Interviews were conducted in two languages, English or in Tuvaluan, depending on the respondents choice of language in which they were most comfortable with.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Tuvalu Central Statistics Office | CSD | Ministry of Finance |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
3 forms were used. Each question is writen in English and translated in Tuvaluan on the same version of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was highly based on the previous one (2004 survey).
Household Schedule
This questionnaire, to be completed by interviewers, is used to collect information about the household composition, living conditions and is also the main form for collecting expenditure on goods and services purchased infrequently.
- composition of the household and demographic profile of each members
- dwelling information
- dwelling expenditure
- transport expenditure
- education expenditure
- health expenditure
- land and property expenditure
- household furnishing
- home appliances
- cultural and social payments
- holydays/travel costs
- Loans and saving
- clothing
- other major expenditure items
Individual Schedule
There will be two individual schedules:
- health and education
- labor force (individual aged 15 and above)
- employment activity and income (individual aged 15 and above):
wages and salaries
working own business
agriculture and livestock
fishing
income from handicraft
income from gambling
small scale activies
jobs in the last 12 months
other income
childreen income
tobacco and alcohol use
other activities
seafarer
Diary (one diary per week, on a 2 weeks period, 2 diaries per household were required)
The diaries are used to record all household expenditure and consumption over the two week diary keeping period. The diaries are to be filled in by the household members, with the assistance from interviewers when necessary.
- All kind of expenses
- Home production - food and drink (eaten by the household, given away, sold)
- Goods taken from own business (consumed, given away)
- Monetary gift (given away, received, winning from gambling)
- Non monetary gift (given away, received, winning from gambling).
Household Schedule
This questionnaire, to be completed by interviewers, is used to collect information about the household composition, living conditions and is also the main form for collecting expenditure on goods and services purchased infrequently.
- composition of the household and demographic profile of each members
- dwelling information
- dwelling expenditure
- transport expenditure
- education expenditure
- health expenditure
- land and property expenditure
- household furnishing
- home appliances
- cultural and social payments
- holydays/travel costs
- Loans and saving
- clothing
- other major expenditure items
Individual Schedule
There will be two individual schedules:
- health and education
- labor force (individual aged 15 and above)
- employment activity and income (individual aged 15 and above):
wages and salaries
working own business
agriculture and livestock
fishing
income from handicraft
income from gambling
small scale activies
jobs in the last 12 months
other income
childreen income
tobacco and alcohol use
other activities
seafarer
Diary (one diary per week, on a 2 weeks period, 2 diaries per household were required)
The diaries are used to record all household expenditure and consumption over the two week diary keeping period. The diaries are to be filled in by the household members, with the assistance from interviewers when necessary.
- All kind of expenses
- Home production - food and drink (eaten by the household, given away, sold)
- Goods taken from own business (consumed, given away)
- Monetary gift (given away, received, winning from gambling)
- Non monetary gift (given away, received, winning from gambling).
Data Processing
Data Editing
Consistency of the data:
- each questionnaire was checked by the supervisor during and after the collection
- before data entry, all the questionnaire were coded
- the CSPRo data entry system included inconsistency checks which allow the National Statistics Office staff to point some errors and to correct them with imputation estimation from their own knowledge (no time for double entry), 4 data entry operators.
1. presence of all the form for each household
2. consistency of data within the questionnaire
at this stage, all the errors were corrected on the questionnaire and on the data entry system in the meantime.
- after data entry, the extreme amount of each questionnaire where selected in order to check their consistency.
at this stage, all the inconsistency were corrected by imputation on CSPRO editing.
- each questionnaire was checked by the supervisor during and after the collection
- before data entry, all the questionnaire were coded
- the CSPRo data entry system included inconsistency checks which allow the National Statistics Office staff to point some errors and to correct them with imputation estimation from their own knowledge (no time for double entry), 4 data entry operators.
1. presence of all the form for each household
2. consistency of data within the questionnaire
at this stage, all the errors were corrected on the questionnaire and on the data entry system in the meantime.
- after data entry, the extreme amount of each questionnaire where selected in order to check their consistency.
at this stage, all the inconsistency were corrected by imputation on CSPRO editing.
Other Processing
The data file after checks and cleaning on CSPRo were exported on EXCEL. The data were processed on EXCEL.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The quality of the results can be found in the report provided in this documentation.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| Tuvalu Central Statistics Division | Link |
Confidentiality
The Statistics Act of 1978 guarrantees the issues of Confidentiality of individual/business information, rendering statistical data by the public, and measures in a case of provision of false information.
Therefore, before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor.
Access conditions
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Citation requirements
"Central Statistics Division of Tuvalu, Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 (HIES 2010), Version 01 of the licensed dataset (March 2020), provided by the Microdata Library. https://microdata.pacificdata.org/index.php/home"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Statistician, Central Statistics Division | Ministry of Finance | [email protected] | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Central Statistics Division of the Government of Tuvalu, bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset.
Copyright
(c) Central Statistics Division, Government of Tuvalu, Tuvalu
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_SPC_TUV_2010_HIES_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistics Division | CSD | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Documentation of survey metadata |
| Statistics for Development Division | SDD | Pacific Community (SPC) | Review of the documentation |
Date of Metadata Production
2012-07-02
DDI Document version
Version 01 (July 2010) - Original documentation of the study. Done by Central Statistics Division during a South-South mission between Fiji and Tuvalu. First metadata documentation using IHSN Toolkit
Version 02 (August 2029): This is the review of the existing documentation. Done by Statistics for Development Division, SPC at Noumea, New Caledonia.
Version 02 (August 2029): This is the review of the existing documentation. Done by Statistics for Development Division, SPC at Noumea, New Caledonia.