Social Development Indicator Survey 2018-2019, MICS6
Kiribati, 2018 - 2019
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SPC_KIR_2018_MICS_V01_M_v01_A_PUF
Social Development Indicator Survey 2018-2019
MICS6
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kiribati | KIR |
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 6 [hh/mics-6]
This is the first Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - mini Demograhic Health Survey to take place in Kiribati. This survey was called Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (SDIS) and was undertaken in late 2018-early 2019.
The survey provides statistically sound and internationally comparable data essential for developing evidence-based policies and programmes, and for monitoring progress toward national goals and global commitments.
The Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (SDIS) results are critically important for the purposes of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) monitoring, as the survey produces information on 32 global SDG indicators adopted by the National Development Indicators framework, either in their entirety or partially.
The 2018-19 Kiribati SDIS has as its primary objectives:
• To provide high quality data for assessing the situation of children, adolescents, women and households in KSDIS;
• To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward national goals, as a basis for future action;
• To collect disaggregated data for the identification of disparities, to inform policies aimed at social inclusion of the most vulnerable;
• To validate data from other sources and the results of focused interventions;
• To generate data on national and global SDG indicators;
• To generate internationally comparable data for the assessment of the progress made in various areas, and to put additional efforts in those areas that require more attention;
• To generate behavioural and attitudinal data not available in other data sources.
Sample survey data [ssd]
-Household;
-Household member;
-Mosquito nets;
-Women in reproductive age;
-Birth history;
-Men in reproductive age;
-Mothers or primary caretakers of children under 5;
-Mothers or primary caretakers of children age 5-17.
Version
Version 01: This is the final clean, labelled, and anonymized version of the master file.
2020-03-20
This version was distributed by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) program (https://mics.unicef.org/). The data was anonymized by the MICS program.
Scope
-HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics; Household belongings; Communication; Agriculture; Social Transfers; Household Energy use; Dengue; Water and sanitation; Handwashing; Salt iodisation.
-HOUSEHOLD MEMBER: Individual charateristics; Education; Dengue.
-MOSQUITO NETS: Dengue.
-WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE: Education; Literacy; Individual characteristics; Communication; Fertility and birth history; Maternal and newborn health; Post-natal health checks; Contraception; Unmet need; Attitudes toward domestic violence; Victimisation; Marriage/union; Adult functioning; Sexual behaviour; HIV/AIDS; Sexually transmitted infections; Tobacco and alcohol use; Life satisfaction; Domestic violence.
-BIRTH HISTORY: Birth history.
-MEN IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE: Education; Literacy; Individual characteristics; Communication; Fertility, Contraception, Attitudes toward domestic violence, Victimisation; Marriage/union; Adult functioning; Sexual behaviour; HIV/AIDS; Sexually transmitted infections; Circumcision, Tobacco and alcohol use; Life satisfaction.
-MOTHERS OR PRIMARY CARETAKERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 5: Education; Individual characteristics; Birth registration; Early childhood development; Child discipline; Child functioning; Breastfeeding and dietary intake; Immunisation; Care of illness.
-MOTHERS OR PRIMARY CARETAKERS OF CHILDREN AGE 5-17: Education; Child's background; Child labour; Child discipline; Child functioning; Parental involvement; Foundational learning skills.
Coverage
National Coverage: covering rural-urban areas and for the five district/island groups of the country (South Tarawa, Northern Gilbert, Central Gilbert, Southern Gilbert, and Line and Phoenix groups).
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15 to 49 years, all men aged between 15 to 49 years, all children under 5 and those aged 5 to 17 living in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Kiribati National Statistics Office | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Health and Medical Services | Government of Kiribati | Technical support |
| Ministry of Women, Sport and Social Welfare | Government of Kiribati | Technical support |
| Ministry of Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy | Government of Kiribati | Technical support |
| United Nations Children's Fund | United Nations | Financial and technical support |
| United Nations Population Fund | United Nations | Financial and technical support |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of Kiribati | Funding |
| United Nation's Children Fund | Financial and technical support |
| United Nations Population Fund | Financial and technical support |
| Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade | Funding |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kiribati Women and Children Support Centre | Government of Kiribati | Technical support |
| Kiribati Family Health Association | Government of Kiribati | Technical support |
| Statistics for Development Division (SDD) | Pacific Community (SPC) | Technical support |
Sampling
-SELECTION PROCESS:
The sample for the Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (SDIS) 2018-19 was designed to provide estimates for a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women at the national, rural-urban, South Tarawa, Northern Gilbert, Central Gilbert, Southern Gilbert and Line and Phoenix group. The urban and rural areas within each district were identified as the main sampling strata and the sample of households was selected in two stages. Within each stratum, a specified number of census Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected systematically with probability proportional to size. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 3280 households was drawn in each sample enumeration area. All of the selected enumeration areas were visited during the fieldwork period.
A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. The sampling frame was based on the full/national household listing (mini-census) conducted in 2018 because the last census (2015) could not be used as a sampling frame as the EA boundaries differed from the 2010 Kiribati Census. The primary sampling units (PSUs) selected at the first stage were the enumeration areas (EAs) defined for the census enumeration.
-SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLE ALLOCATION:
Since the overall sample size for the Kiribati SDIS partly depends on the geographic domains of analysis that are defined for the survey tables, the distribution of EAs and households in Kiribati from the 2018 Household Listing /Mini Census sampling frame was first examined by region, urban and rural strata.
The overall sample size for the Kiribati SDIS was calculated as 3,280 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the underweight prevalence among children age 0-4 years. Since the survey results are tabulated at the regional level, it was necessary to determine the minimum sample size for each region.
For the calculation, r (underweight prevalence) was assumed to be 15 percent based on the national estimate from the Demographic and Health SUrvey (DHS) 2009.
-The value of deff (design effect) was taken as 1.0 based on the estimate from the DHS 2009,
-pb (percentage of children age 0-4 years in the total population) was taken as 12 percent,
-AveSize (mean household size) was taken as 6.0 based on the 2018 mini-Census, and the response rate was assumed to be 98 percent, based on experience from the DHS 2009.
-It was decided that an RME of at most 20 percent was needed for the district/island group estimates; this would result in an RME of 10 percent for the national estimate. The calculations resulted in a total sample size of 3,280 households, with the sample sizes in the districts varying between 515 and 780. The sample size in South Tarawa (urban) was adjusted upwards from 780 to 1,080 households in order to improve the precision in urban/rural comparisons. The sample sizes in the other districts/island groups were reduced by 75 households each.
The number of households selected per cluster for the Kiribati SDIS was determined as 20 households, based on several considerations, including the design effect, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster.
Census enumeration areas were selected from each of the sampling strata by using systematic probability proportional to size (pps) sampling procedures, based on the number of households in each enumeration area from the 2018 Mini- Census frame. The first stage of sampling was thus completed by selecting the required number of sample EAs (specified in Table SD.2) from each of the five district/Island groups.
Of the 3,280 households selected for the sample, 3,113 were found occupied. Of these, 3,071 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 98.7 percent.
Below is the summary of the response rates by island group and area:
-South Tarawa / URBAN: 98.2%: out of 1,042 occupied households, 1,023 were interviewed);
-Northern Gilbert: 99%: out of 572 occupied households, 566 were interviewed);
-Central Gilbert: 97.7%: out of 440 occupied households, 430 were interviewed);
-Southern Gilbert: 99.8%: out of 653 occupied households, 652 were interviewed);
-Line/Phoneix Islands: 98.5%: out of 406 occupied households, 400 were interviewed);
-RURAL: 98.9%: out of 2,071 occupied households, 2,048 were interviewed);
-KIRIBATI: 98.7%: out of 3,113 occupied households, 3,071 were interviewed).
The Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (KSDIS) sample is not self-weighting. Essentially, by allocating equal numbers of households to each of the region, different sampling fractions were used in each region since the number of households in the Census frame varies by region. For this reason, sample weights were calculated and used in the subsequent analyses of the survey data.
The major component of the weight is the reciprocal of the sampling fraction employed in selecting the number of sample households in that particular sampling stratum (h) and Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) (i).
In the case of Central Gilbert, all the EAs in the frame were selected with certainty, and in other small strata most of the PSUs in the frame were selected, so there will also be self-representing PSUs.
A final component in the calculation of sample weights takes into account the level of non-response for the household and individual interviews.
After the completion of fieldwork, response rates were calculated for each sampling stratum. These were used to adjust the sample weights calculated for each cluster.
The non-response adjustment factors for the individual women and under-5 questionnaires were applied to the adjusted household weights. Numbers of eligible women and under-5 children were obtained from the list of household members in the Household Questionnaire for households where interviews were completed.
The weights for the questionnaire for individual men were calculated in a similar way. In this case the number of eligible men in the list of household members in all the KSDIS sample households in the stratum was used as the numerator of the non-response adjustment factor, while the number of completed questionnaires for men in the stratum was obtained from the 50 percent subsample
of households. Therefore, this adjustment factor includes an implicit subsampling weighting factor of 2 in addition to the adjustment for the non-response to the individual questionnaire for men.
The Kiribati SDIS full (raw) weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the inverse of the probabilities of selection by the non-response adjustment factor for each stratum.
For more information of weight calculation, please refer to the Appendix A of the Report provided in the External Resources section.
Survey instrument
-QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION:
Six questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire to collect basic demographic information on all de jure household members (usual residents), the household, and the dwelling; 2) a water quality testing questionnaire administered in 4 households in each cluster of the sample; 3) a questionnaire for individual women administered in each household to all women age 15-49 years; 4) a questionnaire for individual men administered in every second household to all men age 15-49 years; 5) an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers (or caretakers) of all children under 5 living in the household; and 6) a questionnaire for children age 5-17 years, administered to the mother (or caretaker) of one randomly selected child age 5-17 years living in the household.
The questionnaires were based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 6 (MICS6) standard questionnaires except for questionnaire for individual women/men had some add-on questions and/or modules from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. From the MICS6 model English version, the questionnaires were customised and translated into Kiribati language and were pre-tested in South Tarawa during September, 2018. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires. A copy of the Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (SDIS) 2018-19 questionnaires is provided in the External Resources of this documentation.
-COMPOSITION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES:
The questionnaires included the following modules:
-Household questionnaire: List of household members, Education, Household characteristics, Social transfers, Household energy use, Dengue, Water and sanitation, Handwashing, Salt iodisation.
-Water Quality Testing questionnaire: Water quality tests, Water quality testing results.
-Individual Women questionnaire: Background, ICT, Fertility/Birth history, Desire for last birth, Maternal and newborn health, Post-natal health checks, Contraception, Unmet need, Attitudes toward domestic violence, Victimisation, Marriage/union, Adult functioning, Sexual behaviour, HIV/AIDS, STI, Tobacco and alcohol use, Domestic violence, Life satisfaction.
-Individual Men questionnaire: Background, ICT, Fertility, Contraception, Unmet need, Attitudes toward domestic violence, Victimisation, Marriage/union, Adult functioning, Sexual behaviour, HIV/AIDS, STI, Circumcision, Tobacco and alcohol use, Life satisfaction.
-Children Under 5 questionnaire: Background, Birth registration, Early childhood development, Chil discipline, Child functioning, Breastfeeding and dietary intake, Immunisation, Care of illness, Anthropometry.
-Children Age 5-17 Years questionnaire: Background, Child labour, Child discipline, Child functioning, Parental involvment, Foundational learning skills.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-31 | Data collection |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Kiribati National Statistics Office | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Team supervisors were responsible for the daily monitoring of fieldwork. Mandatory re-interviewing was implemented on at least one household per cluster. Daily observations of interviewer skills and performance was conducted.
The data were collected by nine teams; each was comprised of one supervisor, three female interviewers, one male interviewer, one measurer and one driver (only for Urban clusters).
During the fieldwork period, each team was visited multiple times by central supervisors and field visits were arranged for UNICEF MICS Team members.
-TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION:
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) utilise Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). The data collection application was based on the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing System) software, Version 6.3, including a MICS dedicated data management platform. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme were adapted to the Kiribati SDIS 2018-19 final questionnaires and used throughout. The CAPI application was tested in Buota during September, 2018. Based on the results of the CAPI-test, modifications were made to the questionnaires and application.
-TRAINING:
Training for the fieldwork was conducted for 31 days in October 2018. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires, and mock interviews between trainees to gain practice in asking questions. Participants first completed full training on paper questionnaires, followed by training on the CAPI application. The trainees spent 5 days in field practice and one day on a full pilot survey in Bikenibeu village. The training agenda was based on the template MICS6 training agenda.
Measurers received dedicated training on anthropometric measurements and water quality testing for a total of 12 days, including 5 days in field practice and pilot survey.
Field Supervisors attended additional training on the duties of team supervision and responsibilities.
-FIELDWORK:
Fieldwork began on 1st November 2018 and concluded in 31st January 2019. Data was collected using tablet computers running the Windows 10 operating system, utilising a Bluetooth application for field operations, enabling transfer of assignments and completed questionnaires between supervisor and interviewer tablets.
Data processing
Data were received at the National Statistical Office's central office via Internet File Streaming System (IFSS) integrated into the management application on the supervisors' tablets. Whenever logistically possible, synchronisation was daily. The central office communicated application updates to field teams through this system.
During data collection and following the completion of fieldwork, data were edited according to editing process described in detail in the Guidelines for Secondary Editing, a customised version of the standard MICS6 documentation.
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing (see Other processing), including:
a) During data collection
b) Structure checking and completeness
c) Secondary editing
d) Structural checking of SPSS data files
Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the data processing guidelines on mics.unicef.org.
Data appraisal
The following sampling error measures are presented for selected indicators:
-
Standard error (se): Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. For survey indicators that are means, proportions or ratios, the Taylor series linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors. For more complex statistics, such as fertility and mortality rates, the Jackknife repeated replication method is used for standard error estimation.
-
Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value (r) of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
-
Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling based on the same sample size. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design of the survey is as efficient as a simple random sample for a particular indicator, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates an increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
-
Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval which contains the true value of the indicator for the population, with a specified level of confidence. For MICS results, 95% confidence intervals are used, which is the standard for this type of survey. The concept of the 95% confidence interval can be understood in this way: if many repeated samples of identical size and design were taken and the confidence interval computed for each sample, then 95% of these intervals would contain the true value of the indicator.
For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, programs developed in CSPro Version 5.0 and SPSS Version 23 Complex Samples module have been used.
Access policy
UNICEF
UNICEF
http://mics.unicef.org/surveys
Cost: None
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | http://mics.unicef.org/surveys | [email protected] |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets. |
Licensed dataset, accessible under conditions.
"Kiribati National Statistics Office, Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey 2018 (SDIS 2018), Version 01 of the licensed dataset (March 2020), provided by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys program. https://mics.unicef.org/"
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kiribati National Statistics Office | Ministry of Finace and Economic Development | http://kiribati.nso.spc.int/ | |
| Multiple Indicator Cluster Surcey (MICS) Programme | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | [email protected] | https://mics.unicef.org/ |
Metadata production
DDI_SPC_KIR_2018_MICS_V01_M_v01_A_PUF
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kiribati National Statistics Office | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Documentation of the study |
| Statistics for Development Division | Pacific Community (SPC) | Review of the documentation |
2020-03-18
Metadata version
-Version 01 (October 2019): This is the first attempt at documenting the 2018 Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey. Done by Kiribati National Statistics Office at Noumea, New Caledonia.
-Version 02 (March 2020): This is the review of the existing documentation of the 2018 Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey (MICS). Done by Statistics for Development Division at Noumea, New Caledonia. This review consists of finalizing the existing documentation and attaching the datasets (provided by the MICS program) to it.