Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2015-2016
Cook Island, 2015 - 2016
Cook Islands Statistics Office
Created on
April 08, 2022
Last modified
April 08, 2022
Page views
21855
Download
11956
Documentation in PDF
Metadata
DDI/XML
JSON
Identification
Survey ID Number
SPC_COK_2015_HIES_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
Title
Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2015-2016
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cook Islands | COK |
Study type
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2015 is the fourth comprehensive survey of household expenditure in the Cook Islands, following on from the 1986 1998 and 2005 surveys.
Cook Islands adopted the Pacific standard HIES methodology developed by the Statistics for Development Division (SDD) of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 2011 to conduct the Cook Islands 2015/2016 HIES. These standards, were designed to feed high-quality data to HIES data end users.
Cook Islands adopted the Pacific standard HIES methodology developed by the Statistics for Development Division (SDD) of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 2011 to conduct the Cook Islands 2015/2016 HIES. These standards, were designed to feed high-quality data to HIES data end users.
Abstract
This Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) is a critical component of the work of the Cook Islands Statistics Office (CISO). The survey provides major indicators of the economic health of the nation and the well being of its people. For example Cook Islands residents (as opposed to businesses, government or tourists) consume a significant proportion of goods and services available in the Cook Islands. Changes in consumer and household spending patterns reflect changes in the economy and in individual and social behaviour. It provides the data which is necessary for the periodic revision of weights for the Office's Consumer Prices Index and other indices.
CISO adopted the Pacific standard HIES methodology developed by the Statistics for Development Division (SDD) of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 2011 to conduct Cook Islands 2015/2016 HIES. These standards, were designed to feed high-quality data to HIES data end users. The field collection spread over a 12 months period (November 2015 to November 2016) to cover seasonality of income and expenditure.
CISO adopted the Pacific standard HIES methodology developed by the Statistics for Development Division (SDD) of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 2011 to conduct Cook Islands 2015/2016 HIES. These standards, were designed to feed high-quality data to HIES data end users. The field collection spread over a 12 months period (November 2015 to November 2016) to cover seasonality of income and expenditure.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
The suvey describes 2 different units of analysis:
- The household
- The individual (household members).
- The household
- The individual (household members).
Version
Version Description
Version 01: Cleaned, labelled and anonymized version of the Master file.
Version Date
2017-02-01
Version Notes
This dataset consists of the aggregated income and expenditures reported during the survey from either modules or diary.
Scope
Notes
Main questionnaire sections:
- Individual sections: demographic, education, health status (including disability), Individual expenditure (clothing, communication, kava tobacco alcoho)l, labor force and individual income,
- Household sections: dwelling characteristics (inc energy), assets, home maintenance, vehicles, private travels, household services and taxes, financial support given away, household expenditure (textiles…), ceremonies, remittances received, , primary activities (agriculture, fisheries, livestock, handicraft)
- Diary (cash expenditure, gift received, home production - 2 weeks).
- Individual sections: demographic, education, health status (including disability), Individual expenditure (clothing, communication, kava tobacco alcoho)l, labor force and individual income,
- Household sections: dwelling characteristics (inc energy), assets, home maintenance, vehicles, private travels, household services and taxes, financial support given away, household expenditure (textiles…), ceremonies, remittances received, , primary activities (agriculture, fisheries, livestock, handicraft)
- Diary (cash expenditure, gift received, home production - 2 weeks).
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Cook Islands |
| HIES |
| Income |
| Expenditure |
| PACCOI |
| COICOP |
| Health |
| Education |
| Economic activity |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The survey aims at releasing results at the national level and island group level (Rarotonga, Southern Group, Northern group), as well as Urban/rural (Rarotonge and outer islands).
Universe
The scope of the 2015/2016 HIES was all occupied households in Cook Islands .
HIES covered all persons who were considered to be usual residents of private dwellings (must have been living in Cook Islands for a period of 12-months, or have intention to live in Cook Islands for a period of 12-months in order to be included in the survey).
HIES covered all persons who were considered to be usual residents of private dwellings (must have been living in Cook Islands for a period of 12-months, or have intention to live in Cook Islands for a period of 12-months in order to be included in the survey).
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Cook Islands Statistics Office | Ministry of Finance & Economic Management |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics for Development Division | Pacific Community (SPC) | Technical assistance in sampling methodology / selection & data processing |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Cook Islands | Funding | |
| Pacific Community (ADB & DFAT) | SPC | Funding |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics for Development Division (SDD) | Pacific Community (SPC) | Technical assistance |
| Supervisors | HIES 2015-2016 | Supervision of the Field work |
| Enumerators | HIES 2015-2016 | Carrying out of the field work |
| National Statistics Staff | HIES 2015-2016 | Logistics arrangement and the management of the survey |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
SAMPLING PROCEDURE:
The sample selection is based on a 2 stages process that differs in Rarotonga and the Outer Islands.
- In Rarotonga the primary sampling unit is the Enumeration Area that were selected using probability proportional to size (the more populated the EA was, the higher the chance of selection was), then in each selected EA, 15 HHs were selected (10 to interview in priority and 5 for replacement in case),
- In Southern and Northern groups, the primary sampling units were the islands, and within each island, the HHs were randomly selected.
In 2005/2006, 913 households (HHs) HHs were selected and 691 sufficiently responded. The 2005/2006 HIES provided solid estimates for expenditure aggregates at the national level (sampling errors for national expenditure estimate is 3.3 percent), however it can be seen from Table 3 that the accuracy of the estimates by domain are variable, especially in the Northern group where the relative sampling error for income (RSE) is greater than 5 percent. This finding was taken into consideration in the 2015/2016 HIES sample allocation and it was recommended that the sample be increased in this domain, however, budget and accessibility were constraining factors.
Similarly to the 2006 HIES, private occupied dwellings were the statistical unit for the 2015/2016 HIES. Institutions and vacant dwellings were removed from the sampling frame.
Some areas in Cook Islands are very difficult to reach due to the cost of transportation and the remoteness of some islands, which is why they are excluded from the sample selection.
SAMPLE SELECTION:
The 2011 Census of Population and Dwellings (CPD) was used to select the islands to interview, and then in each selected islands the HH listing was updated for selection. For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Mauke and Mitiaro were excluded from the Southern group and the islands of Penrhyn, Rakahanga, Palmerston and Nassau were excluded from the Northern group. In total, 6 percent of the HHs were excluded from the sample selection across the Cook Islands, and 36 percent within the Northern Group.
The sample selection is based on a 2 stages process that differs in Rarotonga and the Outer Islands.
- In Rarotonga the primary sampling unit is the Enumeration Area that were selected using probability proportional to size (the more populated the EA was, the higher the chance of selection was), then in each selected EA, 15 HHs were selected (10 to interview in priority and 5 for replacement in case),
- In Southern and Northern groups, the primary sampling units were the islands, and within each island, the HHs were randomly selected.
In 2005/2006, 913 households (HHs) HHs were selected and 691 sufficiently responded. The 2005/2006 HIES provided solid estimates for expenditure aggregates at the national level (sampling errors for national expenditure estimate is 3.3 percent), however it can be seen from Table 3 that the accuracy of the estimates by domain are variable, especially in the Northern group where the relative sampling error for income (RSE) is greater than 5 percent. This finding was taken into consideration in the 2015/2016 HIES sample allocation and it was recommended that the sample be increased in this domain, however, budget and accessibility were constraining factors.
Similarly to the 2006 HIES, private occupied dwellings were the statistical unit for the 2015/2016 HIES. Institutions and vacant dwellings were removed from the sampling frame.
Some areas in Cook Islands are very difficult to reach due to the cost of transportation and the remoteness of some islands, which is why they are excluded from the sample selection.
SAMPLE SELECTION:
The 2011 Census of Population and Dwellings (CPD) was used to select the islands to interview, and then in each selected islands the HH listing was updated for selection. For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Mauke and Mitiaro were excluded from the Southern group and the islands of Penrhyn, Rakahanga, Palmerston and Nassau were excluded from the Northern group. In total, 6 percent of the HHs were excluded from the sample selection across the Cook Islands, and 36 percent within the Northern Group.
Deviations from the Sample Design
Due to low response rate in the Northern group, the decision was made not to release the outputs at this division level, so Northern and Southern division are grouped in 1 rural domain.
For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Mauke and Mitiaro were excluded from the Southern group and the islands of Penrhyn, Rakahanga, Palmerston and Nassau were excluded from the Northern group. In total, 6 percent of the HHs were excluded from the sample selection across the Cook Islands, and 36 percent within the Northern Group.
For budget and logistics reasons the islands of Mauke and Mitiaro were excluded from the Southern group and the islands of Penrhyn, Rakahanga, Palmerston and Nassau were excluded from the Northern group. In total, 6 percent of the HHs were excluded from the sample selection across the Cook Islands, and 36 percent within the Northern Group.
Response Rate
-The national response rate was: 89.7%. The achieved sample size was 691 out of 770 selected households.
-Rarontonga: The achieved sample size was 270 out of 320 selected households.
-Southern Islands: The achieved sample size was 314 out of 320 selected households.
-Northern Islands: The achieved sample size was 107 out of 130 selected households.
-Rarotonga: 84,4%
-Southern group: 98,1%
Aitutaki: 97,5%
Mangaia: 97,5%
Atiu: 100,0%
-Northern group: 82,3%
Pukapuka: 98,8%
Manihiki: 56,0%
-Total: 89,7%.
-Rarontonga: The achieved sample size was 270 out of 320 selected households.
-Southern Islands: The achieved sample size was 314 out of 320 selected households.
-Northern Islands: The achieved sample size was 107 out of 130 selected households.
-Rarotonga: 84,4%
-Southern group: 98,1%
Aitutaki: 97,5%
Mangaia: 97,5%
Atiu: 100,0%
-Northern group: 82,3%
Pukapuka: 98,8%
Manihiki: 56,0%
-Total: 89,7%.
Weighting
The sampling weights were derived at the household level then used at the household and individual level for extrapolations and tabulations. The sampling weight computation process was based on the inverse of the probability of selection of each household. Due to different sample design in Rarotonga and Outer Islands, the computation process was then a bit different in both stratas. In Rarotonga it resulted from the inverse of the factor of probability of selection of the Enumeration Area (EA) (=within the strata) and the probability of selection of one household with the EA. In the outer islands, it resulted from the probability of the selection of the islands within the strata and the probability of selection of the household within the island.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-11-02 | 2016-11-30 | Field work |
Time periods
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-11-30 | 2015-12-20 | Round 1 |
| 2016-01-04 | 2016-01-24 | Round 2 |
| 2016-01-25 | 2016-02-14 | Round 3 |
| 2016-02-15 | 2016-03-06 | Round 4 |
| 2014-03-07 | 2016-03-27 | Round 5 |
| 2016-04-04 | 2016-04-24 | Round 6 |
| 2016-04-25 | 2016-05-15 | Round 7 |
| 2016-05-16 | 2016-06-05 | Round 8 |
| 2016-06-06 | 2016-06-26 | Round 9 |
| 2016-06-27 | 2016-07-17 | Round 10 |
| 2016-07-18 | 2016-08-07 | Round 11 |
| 2016-08-15 | 2016-09-04 | Round 12 |
| 2016-09-05 | 2016-09-25 | Round 13 |
| 2016-09-26 | 2016-10-16 | Round 14 |
| 2016-10-17 | 2016-11-06 | Round 15 |
| 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-27 | Round 16 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Each team is made of 2 enumerators (in charge of 5 HHs each) and 1 supervisor. All teams were under the supervision of the HIES Manager from the head office of the Statistics Office in Rarotonga.
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptops).
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptops).
Data Collection Notes
The fieldwork was carried out by 7 enumeration teams, 2 in Rarotonga, 3 in the Southern Group (Aitutaki, Mangaia and Atiu) and 2 in the Northern Group (Pukapuka and Manihiki).
A main training has been delivered in Rarotonga with the teams that started the field work (both Rarotonga teams, Mangaia, Aitutaki and Pukapuka) and specific trainings have been conducted in Atiu and Manihiki. Each team is made of 2 enumerators (in charge of 5 HHs each) and 1 supervisor. All teams were under the supervision of the HIES Manager from the head office of the Statistics Office in Rarotonga.
The survey period is divided in 16 rounds. A round is a 3 week period in which a team will be in charge of 10 Round 1 started in November 2015 and round 16 finished In November 2016.
The survey was spread over 16 rounds throughout the 12 month enumeration period (November 2015 to November 2016) in order to take adequate account of seasonal fluctuations in income, expenditure and food acquisition (as a proxy to estimate consumption).
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptop), data entry occurred on the same day or the day after the interview for the modules, while the first diary was entered in week-two and the second week diary is entered in week-three of each round. In-field data entry was conducted in order to make use of the entry validation checks and to return to the household to verify data where inconsistencies were identified.
A main training has been delivered in Rarotonga with the teams that started the field work (both Rarotonga teams, Mangaia, Aitutaki and Pukapuka) and specific trainings have been conducted in Atiu and Manihiki. Each team is made of 2 enumerators (in charge of 5 HHs each) and 1 supervisor. All teams were under the supervision of the HIES Manager from the head office of the Statistics Office in Rarotonga.
The survey period is divided in 16 rounds. A round is a 3 week period in which a team will be in charge of 10 Round 1 started in November 2015 and round 16 finished In November 2016.
The survey was spread over 16 rounds throughout the 12 month enumeration period (November 2015 to November 2016) in order to take adequate account of seasonal fluctuations in income, expenditure and food acquisition (as a proxy to estimate consumption).
Team supervisors were in charge of the data entry for their team (using laptop), data entry occurred on the same day or the day after the interview for the modules, while the first diary was entered in week-two and the second week diary is entered in week-three of each round. In-field data entry was conducted in order to make use of the entry validation checks and to return to the household to verify data where inconsistencies were identified.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Cook Island Statistics Office | CISO | Ministry of Finance & Economic Management |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Four modules are completed by paper-based personal interview, including:
1. Demographic information - characteristics of HH members, including activity and education profile;
2. HH characteristics and expenditure;
3. Individual expenditure; and
4. Individual and HH income.
Depending on the information being collected, a recall period (ranging from the last 7 days to the last 12 months) is applied to various sections of the questionnaire.
The forms were completed in English by face-to-face interviews, usually with the HH head providing most of the information, with other HH members being interviewed when necessary. The interviews took place over a 2-week period such that the household diary, which is completed by the household on a daily basis for 2 weeks, can be monitored while the module interviews take place.
The household diary collects information on the household 's daily expenditure on goods and services; and the harvest, capture, collection or slaughter of primary produce (fruit, vegetables and animals) by intended purpose (home consumption, sale or to give away).
The income and expenditure data from the modules and the diary are concatenated (ensuring that double counting does not occur), annualised, and extrapolated to form the income and expenditure aggregates presented herein.
1. Demographic information - characteristics of HH members, including activity and education profile;
2. HH characteristics and expenditure;
3. Individual expenditure; and
4. Individual and HH income.
Depending on the information being collected, a recall period (ranging from the last 7 days to the last 12 months) is applied to various sections of the questionnaire.
The forms were completed in English by face-to-face interviews, usually with the HH head providing most of the information, with other HH members being interviewed when necessary. The interviews took place over a 2-week period such that the household diary, which is completed by the household on a daily basis for 2 weeks, can be monitored while the module interviews take place.
The household diary collects information on the household 's daily expenditure on goods and services; and the harvest, capture, collection or slaughter of primary produce (fruit, vegetables and animals) by intended purpose (home consumption, sale or to give away).
The income and expenditure data from the modules and the diary are concatenated (ensuring that double counting does not occur), annualised, and extrapolated to form the income and expenditure aggregates presented herein.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Once the data were clean, verified and consistent, they were recoded to form a final aggregated database, consisting of:
1. Person level record - characteristics of every household (HH) member, including activity and education profile;
2. HH level record - characteristics of the dwelling and access to services;
3. Final aggregated income - all HH income streams, by category and type;
4. Final aggregated expenditure - all HH expenditure items, by category and type.
An additional poverty file was also generated.
Software used for data processing was Stata version 14.
1. Person level record - characteristics of every household (HH) member, including activity and education profile;
2. HH level record - characteristics of the dwelling and access to services;
3. Final aggregated income - all HH income streams, by category and type;
4. Final aggregated expenditure - all HH expenditure items, by category and type.
An additional poverty file was also generated.
Software used for data processing was Stata version 14.
Other Processing
The survey procedure and enumeration team structure allowed for in-round data entry, which gives the field staff the opportunity to correct the data by manual review and by using the entry system-generated error messages. This process was designed to improve data quality.
The data entry system used system-controlled entry, interactive coding and validity and consistency checks. Despite the validity and consistency checks put in place, the data still required cleaning. The cleaning was a 2-stage process, which included manual cleaning while referencing the questionnaire, whereas the second stage involved computer-assisted code verification and, in some cases, imputation.
Software used for data entry was CSPro version 6.1.
The data entry system used system-controlled entry, interactive coding and validity and consistency checks. Despite the validity and consistency checks put in place, the data still required cleaning. The cleaning was a 2-stage process, which included manual cleaning while referencing the questionnaire, whereas the second stage involved computer-assisted code verification and, in some cases, imputation.
Software used for data entry was CSPro version 6.1.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
There is an increased degree of error with finer levels of disaggregation, especially where income and expenditure categories have few transactions and the sample is relatively small (outer islands).
In accordance to the data quality thresholds presented above, it can be seen that total Relative Sampling Errors (RSE) of 3.8 percent (i.e., national income estimates) is good. As this is disaggregated by strata, the total annual household income estimates, by strata, have a range of 5 to 10 percent, making the strata disaggregated total annual household expenditure estimates within being good. Own business and capital income estimates show a very high degree of error and have to be interpreter with cautious.
Some areas in Cook Islands are very difficult to reach due to the cost of transportation and the remoteness of some islands, which is why they are excluded from the sample selection.
In accordance to the data quality thresholds presented above, it can be seen that total Relative Sampling Errors (RSE) of 3.8 percent (i.e., national income estimates) is good. As this is disaggregated by strata, the total annual household income estimates, by strata, have a range of 5 to 10 percent, making the strata disaggregated total annual household expenditure estimates within being good. Own business and capital income estimates show a very high degree of error and have to be interpreter with cautious.
Some areas in Cook Islands are very difficult to reach due to the cost of transportation and the remoteness of some islands, which is why they are excluded from the sample selection.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Statistician | Cook Island Statistics Office | [email protected] | www.mfem.gov.ck |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government Statistician | Cook Island Statistics Office | [email protected] | www.mfem.gov.ck |
Confidentiality
The Census of Population and Dwellings 2016 is being conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act, 1966. The particular provisions relating to this census is set out in sections 18 to 25 of the Act. Other sections of the Act that apply are the secrecy provisions that provide against the release or publication of any individual particulars.
The secrecy provisions of the Statistics Act, 1966 (section 17) apply in full to all census officers. Part 3 of the Act provides for a fine for improperly divulging information. Before the commencement of duties all census staff will have taken a statutory declaration of secrecy.
Every person commits an offence that obstructs or get in the way of any persons employed to carry out their duties or exercising any functions under this Act. Penalties are stipulated in the Statistics Act 1966.
Access conditions
Licensed dataset, accessible under conditions.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Cook Islands Statistics Office], or among data from the [Cook Islands Statistics Office] and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Cook Islands Statistics Office will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
The original collector of the data, the Cook Islands Statistics Office, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Cook Islands Statistics Office], or among data from the [Cook Islands Statistics Office] and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Cook Islands Statistics Office will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Cook Islands Statistics Office.
The original collector of the data, the Cook Islands Statistics Office, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Citation requirements
"Cook Islands Statistics Office, Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2015-2016 (HIES 2015), Version 01 of the licensed dataset (February 2017), provided by the Microdata Library. https://microdata.pacificdata.org/index.php/home"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2019 , Cook Islands Statistics Office
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_SPC_COK_2015_HIES_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cook Islands Statistics Office | CISO | Government of Cook Islands | Documentation of the study |
| Statistics for Development Division | SDD | Pacific Community | Review of the documentation |
Date of Metadata Production
2019-07-18
DDI Document version
Version 01 (July 2019): This is the first attempt at documenting the 2015-2016 Cook Islands Household Income and Expenditure Survey. This was jointly done by Cook Islands Statistics Office and Tonga Statistics Department during a South-South mission in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
Version 02 (July 2019): Review of the existing documentation of the 2015-2016 Cook Islands Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Done by Statistics for Development Division at Noumea, New Caledonia.
Version 02 (July 2019): Review of the existing documentation of the 2015-2016 Cook Islands Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Done by Statistics for Development Division at Noumea, New Caledonia.