High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 2020, Round 2
Papua New Guinea, 2020 - 2021
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SPC_PNG_2020_HFPS-W2_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 2020
Round 2
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Papua New Guinea | PNG |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
The World Bank is providing support to countries to help mitigate the spread and impact of the new corona-virus disease (COVID-19). One area of support is for data collection to inform evidence-based policies that may help mitigate the effects of this disease.
To monitor the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea, five rounds of High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (HFPS) are planned. The documented dataset refers to the second round of the HFPS of Papua New Guinea.
The objective of the second round of the World Bank high frequency mobile phone survey was to measure the continued socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea, including on livelihoods, food security, and public safety and security. The length of the survey was limited to 15 minutes and the survey instrument consisted of the following modules: Basic Information, Employment and Income Loss, Food Access and Food Security, Health, Public Trust and Security, and Assets and Wellbeing. The questions on employment and income were asked to the respondent and to the household head if different from the respondent. The recall period for current employment was in the previous week. In addition, retrospective questions were asked for new respondents about the baseline (“the start of this year 2020”) as well about the situation at the time of round 1 in June (“June, around the time of the Queen’s birthday holiday”). The information from the new respondent could then be pooled with the returning respondents to have three consistent points in 2020. For retrospective questions on employment, the baseline is defined as “the start of this year 2020” and new households were asked both about the baseline as well as the situation in early July, corresponding with the implementation of round 1 of data collection. Three subsequent rounds are planned, with the next in May 2021, though the implementation calendar may be revised to respond to changing conditions on the ground.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household and Individual.
Version
Version 01: Clean, labelled and anonymized version of the Master file.
2021-05-01
Dataset distributed by the World Bank Group (WBG).
Scope
-HOUSEHOLD: Interview information; Basic information; Knowledge; Employment and income loss; Access food and food security; Coping strategies; Access health; Public trust and security; Assets and well-being; Interview results.
-INDIVIDUAL: Interview information; Basic information; Employment and income loss.
| Topic |
|---|
| pacific-skills, education, training |
| pacific-skills, employment |
Coverage
National coverage: 22 provinces covered.
Over 18 years of age from the Digicel subscriber logs.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| World Bank | World Bank Group |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | World Bank Group | Technical assistance |
| United Nations Children's Fund | United Nations | Technical assistance |
| Korea Trust Fund and Peace-Building Transitions | Ministry of Strategy and Finance of Korea and World Bank | Technical assistance |
| United States Agency for International Development | United States Government | Technical assistance |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| World Bank Group | Funded the survey and analysis |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization (WHO) | United Nations | Technical assistance |
| Statistics for Development Division | Pacific Community | Technical assistance |
| Digicel Papua New Guinea | Adivce on implementation |
Sampling
The original objective of round 2 was to re-interview all households and respondents that were interviewed in round 1. There is high turnover of SIM cards in PNG, however, as numbers must be officially registered with a valid government ID within six months of activation or they are disconnected. Overall, of the original 3,115 households and 4,528 individuals interviewed during round 1, only 951 households and 962 individuals were re-interviewed in round 2. Though a small percentage of respondents refused (less than 1 percent), the main reason for failure to re-contact was that the number was no longer working.
In addition, there were 67 households in which someone answered at the original mobile number, but they were not a part of the original household. Therefore 1,804 additional households were added for the second round, for a total sample size of 2,820 households and 3,368 individuals in round 2.
To attempt to address some of the issues seen in round 1 in terms of the skew towards the higher deciles of the wealth distribution, a different targeting mechanism was used in round 2 based on subscriber characteristics derived from the Digicel database to try to address some of the skew towards richer households seen in the first round. To proxy poor households, the team targeted subscribers that did not send text messages on the assumption they were less likely to be literate. Similarly, subscribers that received only incoming calls or for whom the majority of credit was not purchased but transferred from other subscribers were thought to be more likely to be poor.
The UNICEF survey of households with children interviewed 2,449 of the 2,820 households interviewed in the second round of the World Bank survey, 86.8 percent of the total sample, and 96.6 percent of the total 2,534 that were targeted as having children under age 15. Using logit econometric model to compare the characteristics of eligible households which attritted between round 2 of the World Bank survey and the UNICEF survey, there are no statistically significant relationships accounting for the sex and education of the respondent, household wealth, and the geographic location (province, urban/ rural), with the exception of a statistically significant higher probability of attrition from those living in East Sepik Province.
For more information on sampling, please refer to the report provided in the External Resources.
Please check at Figure 3 in the "Background" section of the report (provided as External Resource).
In round 1, there were two sets of primary weights calculated: those at the individual level and those at the household level. For the second round, there are four sets of primary weights: cross section weights at the household level, panel weights at the household level, cross section weights at the individual level, and panel weights at the individual level. Given the high levels of attrition, the panel weights were only used for selected analysis and the majority of the analysis relied on cross sectional weights.
The data collected from the mobile phone surveys differed substantially from the characteristics of the population as a whole, the data required reweighting. The process for reweighting was similar to that used in round 1 (see technical appendix to that report for full details).
For more information on weighting, please refer to the "Weighting" section (p.55) of the report provided in the External Resources.
The "weight" variable in the Household dataset is called "weight" whereas that in the Person dataset is called "indweight".
Survey instrument
The questionnaire - that can be found in the External Resources of this documentation - was developped both in English and in Pidgin.
The questionnaire included the following modules:
-Basic Information,
-Employment and Income Loss,
-Food Access and Food Security,
-Coping Strategies,
-Health,
-Public Trust and Security,
-and Assets and Wellbeing.
The questionnaire for the UNICEF survey included sections on:
-Basic Information, Knowledge and Behavior,
-Service Delivery,
-Roster of Children Living in the Household (including schooling status),
-Access to Health,
-Education,
-Child Discipline,
-and Life Perspectives,
It is to be noted that the latter three UNICEF sections were administered to a randomly selected child between the ages of 3-14.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-12-09 | 2021-01-24 | Round 2 - Data collection |
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-31 | Main survey |
| 2021-01-06 | 2021-01-24 | UNICEF survey |
| Name |
|---|
| Digicel Papua New Guinea |
For both World Bank and UNICEF surveys, there was a staff of 18 interviewers and 1 supervisor.
As the objective of the survey was to measure changes as the pandemic progresses, the second round of data collection sought to re-contact all 3,115 households contacted in round 1, though only 1,016 were successfully re-contacted. A small number of round 1 households declined to participate in round 2 (around 3 percent) and some started but did not complete the round 2 survey (around 2 percent). The majority of attrition was due to non-contact. Individual respondents were attempted to be reached up to seven times before the number was abandoned. In 133 cases, the person who answered the phone was not the original respondent but was a member of the original household.
As in the first round, the length of the survey was targeted as 15 minutes and the survey instrument consisted of 177 questions, but only a sub-set of questions were asked to each household, with the number of questions for returning households being substantially shorter.
The questionnaire included the following modules:
Basic Information, Employment and Income Loss, Food Access and Food Security, Coping Strategies, Health, Public Trust and Security, and Assets and Wellbeing.
As in the first round, if the respondent was not the household head, the Employment and Income Loss section included additional questions asking about the head of the household specifically.
The questionnaire for the UNICEF survey included sections on Basic Information, Knowledge and Behavior, Service Delivery, Roster of Children Living in the Household (including schooling status), Access to Health, Education, Child Discipline, and Life Perspectives, with the latter three sections being administered to a randomly selected child between the ages of 3-14.
For retrospective questions on COVID-19 related knowledge, behavior and service delivery, this survey tracked households’ activities in the last 7 days, 15 days, and the 3 months, depending on the question context, with the aim to observe both the short-term and long-term social challenges and hardship in Papu New Guinea (PNG). For retrospective questions on child’s education, the baseline is defined as the “2019 school year.” To better distinguish the economic conditions in pre-COVID trend and the impact of shock during the COVID, households were asked about the baseline, the situation in March 2020 (before school closed as part of the first COVID-19 State of Emergency containment measures) and the current situation.
The acceptance rate was very high for connected calls, with 2 respondents being under the minimum participation age of 18 years and 98 respondents (3 percent) refusing to participate in the main survey.
The UNICEF survey was able to achieve a recontact rate of 96.6 percent of the targeted respondents. Data was collected and managed using the Survey Solutions software package.
Data processing
At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the World Bank team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.
Data was edited using the software Stata.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank | World Bank Group | https://www.worldbank.org/ |
Licensed dataset, accessible under conditions.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
- To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
- Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
- To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor.
"Papua New Guinea, High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 2020 (HFPS 2020) Round 2, Version 01 of the licensed dataset (May 2021), provided by the Pacific Data Hub - Microdata Library. https://microdata.pacificdata.org/index.php/home"
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank | World Bank Group | https://www.worldbank.org/ |
Metadata production
DDI_SPC_PNG_2020_HFPS-W2_v01_M_v01_A_PUF
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics for Development Division | Pacific Community | Documentation of the study |
| World Bank Group | Documentation of the study |
2021-06-28
Metadata version
Version 01 (June 2021): This is the first attempt at documenting the Wave 2 of the 2020 High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 of Papua New Guinea. Done by Statistics for Development Division at Noumea, New Caledonia.